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Sami Frashëri ((トルコ語:Şemseddin Sami), June 1, 1850 – June 18, 1904) was an Albanian writer, philosopher, playwright and a prominent figure of the ''Rilindja Kombëtare'', the National Renaissance movement of Albania, together with his two brothers Abdyl and Naim. He accepted and supported the Turkish nationalism and laicism〔Bozkurt Güvenç, ''( Türk Kimliği )'', Kültür Bakanlığı, 1993, p. 32. 〕 and had close relationships with Turkish nationalist intellectuals such as Veled Chelebi (İzbudak) and Nedjib 'Asim (Yazıksız).〔Diana Mishkova, ''(We, The People: Politics of National Peculiarity in Southeastern Europe )'', Central European University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-963-9776-28-9, p. 363.〕 Frashëri was one of the sons of an impoverished Bey from Frashër (Fraşer during the Ottoman rule) in the District of Përmet. He gained a place in Ottoman literature as a talented author under the name of Şemseddin Sami Efendi and contributed to the Ottoman Turkish language reforms. However, Frashëri's message, as declared in his book "Albania - What it was, what it is, and what will become of it" published in 1899, became the manifesto of the Albanian Renaissance (Rilindja Kombëtare). Frashëri discussed the prospects for a free and independent republic of Albania. In this way, beginning with a demand for autonomy and struggle for their own alphabet and education, he helped the Albanian National Liberation movement develop its claim for independence. Translation and distribution of his works were financed by Theodor Anton Ippen (consul of Austria-Hungary) and Nopcsa. Nowadays, a lot of schools bear his name, i.e. Sami Frashëri High School is one of the most well-known gymnasiums in Tirana, and Prishtina. ==Life== The Frashëri brothers (Naim, Abdyl and Sami) were of Vlach origin; the family hailing from Frashër, a Vlach village, from which their surname is derived.〔 He attended the Greek language Zosimea gymnasium in Ioannina, Epirus. There, he came in touch with western philosophy and studied Greek, French and Italian. With the help of a personal teacher, he also learned Turkish, Arabic, and Persian. In 1872 he migrated to Istanbul where he worked in a governmental press bureau. His lifetime goal, as that of many other members of Albanian renaissance, was the development and improvement of Albania's culture, and the independence of the country. Along with his elder brother Abdyl, Hasan Tahsini, Pashko Vasa and Jani Vreto, he founded the Central Committee for Defending Albanian Rights. Early in the 1879, this committee formed a commission for the Albanian alphabet. Sami Frashëri also founded and headed the Society for the Publication of Albanian Writings in October 1879, where Albanian scholastic books and texts were compiled by him and his brother Naim. The society was forced to close by the Ottoman Government in 1885 along with the Drita magazine, then ''Dituria'', which had been opened in 1884 by Petro Poga, but on decree issued on demand of Sami Frasheri.〔''(The crescent and the eagle: Ottoman rule, Islam and the Albanians )'', 1874-1913 By George Walter Gawrych page 88〕 He died on June 18, 1904 after a severe illness at his home in Erenköy, Istanbul. His son, Ali Sami Yen (1886–1951), was a footballer and founder of Galatasaray SK and chairman of Galatasaray between 1905–18 and 1925–6. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Sami Frashëri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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